CED Spike2) or by a graphical user interface, where the user can set the time before, during, and after distension as well as the number of cycles. This device can be controlled by one of two methods through direct TTL pulses from the experimenter’s data acquisition software (ex. Here we show an open-source Arduino-based system for controlling a solenoid valve to deliver timed pressure distensions in the experimental model. This has made it difficult for these methods to be fully utilized and replicated as not everyone has the access, knowledge, and resources required to build this controller. However, the hardware used to control these distensions are primarily all one-off custom builds, without clear directions on how to build your own. Bladder distension causes a corresponding increase in abdominal electromyography, which increases with distension pressure and is attenuated with analgesics. For example, distension of the bladder can be used as an assay for bladder nociception. One method for mechanical stimulation of hollow organs, including the colon and bladder, is controlled distensions mediated by compressed air. Studying the visceral sensory component of peripheral nervous systems can be challenging due to limited options for consistent and controlled stimulation.
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